Lung cancer develops when abnormal cells in the lungs grow uncontrollably, often linked to smoking, pollution and genetic changes, and may also occur in nonsmokers. Early signs include a persistent cough, chest pain, shortness of breath and coughing up blood, while advanced disease can cause weight loss and fatigue. Timely diagnosis with imaging and biopsy guides care. Treatment options range from surgery to remove tumours, radiation and chemotherapy to kill cancer cells, targeted therapy and immunotherapy to attack specific pathways, and supportive care to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. With insights from Surgical Oncology Solutions, understanding risks and treatment choices helps patients make informed decisions for lung cancer care.