Which plays a key role in synaptic plasticity, mood regulation, and pain Ketamine therapy perception. By blocking this receptor, ketamine increases the availability of glutamate, a neurotransmitter that promotes the growth of new neural connections. This process is believed to help "reset" brain pathways affected by depression and chronic stress.
Additionally, ketamine stimulates the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that encourages neural regeneration, potentially reversing damage caused by long-term mental health conditions. Unlike traditional antidepressants, which may take weeks to show effects, ketamine often provides relief within hours or days.
Types of Ketamine Therapy
There are two primary forms of ketamine therapy:
Intravenous (IV) Infusion Therapy – This is the most researched method, where ketamine is administered via an IV drip under medical supervision. Patients typically receive a series of infusions over several weeks.
Esketamine (Spravato) Nasal Spray – Esketamine, an FDA-approved ketamine derivative, is a nasal spray used for treatment-resistant depression. It must be taken under medical supervision in a clinic.
Other methods, such as intramuscular (IM) injections, oral lozenges, and sublingual tablets, are also available but are less commonly used in clinical settings.
Conditions Treated with Ketamine Therapy
Ketamine therapy has shown promise in treating various mental health and chronic pain conditions, including:
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD)
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Anxiety Disorders
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Bipolar Depression
Chronic Pain Syndromes (Fibromyalgia, CRPS, Neuropathic Pain)
Benefits of Ketamine Therapy
Rapid relief – Many patients report feeling better within hours or days.
Effectiveness in treatment-resistant cases – It provides an alternative for those who haven't responded to conventional treatments.
Potential neuroregenerative effects – Encourages brain healing and growth of new neural pathways.
Reduction in suicidal thoughts – Studies indicate that ketamine significantly reduces suicidal ideation in high-risk patients.
Risks and Considerations
While ketamine therapy is generally safe when administered by professionals, it does carry risks, including:
Dissociation (Out-of-body experiences)
Increased blood pressure and heart rate
Potential for abuse and dependence
Short-term nausea or dizziness
Due to these factors, ketamine therapy should only be administered under medical supervision.