Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder where the body makes less healthy hemoglobin, leading to anaemia, fatigue, weakness, pale skin and slow growth in children. Causes include inherited gene changes affecting hemoglobin production. Treatments range from regular blood transfusions and iron chelation to manage complications, to bone marrow or stem cell transplant in severe cases for a potential cure. With expert care from Dr Nandini Hazarika, early diagnosis and personalised treatment help improve quality of life and long-term outcomes for affected children.