Tartar, also known as dental calculus, is a hardened form of dental plaque that builds up on the teeth and can lead to serious oral health problems if not properly managed. For anyone committed to maintaining a healthy smile, understanding what is tartar is essential. Unlike soft plaque that can be removed with daily brushing and flossing, tartar is a tough, crusty deposit that adheres strongly to the tooth’s surface and requires professional dental cleaning to eliminate.
To understand what is tartar, it’s important to start with plaque. Plaque is a soft, sticky film made up of bacteria, food particles, and saliva. It forms constantly on the teeth and along the gumline. If plaque is not removed regularly through proper oral hygiene, it begins to harden within 24 to 72 hours, turning into tartar. This hardened substance can form both above and below the gumline, creating a rough surface that attracts even more plaque and bacteria.
The color of tartar can vary. It often appears yellow or brown and is most noticeable on the inner surfaces of the lower front teeth and along the gumline. These areas are more difficult to clean, making them hotspots for tartar formation. Once tartar develops, brushing and flossing alone are not enough to remove it. Professional cleaning by a dentist or dental hygienist is necessary to scrape off the deposits using specialized tools in a process called scaling.
Understanding what is tartar also involves recognizing the risks it poses to oral health. Tartar buildup can lead to gum irritation and inflammation, which are early signs of gingivitis. If left untreated, this inflammation can progress to periodontitis, a severe gum disease that damages the soft tissue and bone supporting the teeth. Over time, this can result in receding gums, loose teeth, and even tooth loss. Tartar also contributes to persistent bad breath and can make teeth appear stained or discolored.
Preventing tartar starts with consistent and effective oral hygiene practices. Brushing your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and using dental floss daily are critical steps in removing plaque before it hardens. Electric toothbrushes can be more effective than manual ones in reducing plaque. Additionally, using an antiseptic or tartar-control mouthwash can help inhibit plaque buildup. Regular dental checkups and cleanings—typically recommended every six months—are essential for removing tartar and monitoring your oral health.
Certain factors can increase a person’s risk of developing tartar. Smoking, for example, not only stains teeth but also promotes tartar formation. Poor dietary habits, such as consuming sugary or starchy foods, can also contribute to faster plaque buildup. Dry mouth, caused by medications or medical conditions, can reduce saliva’s natural ability to wash away food particles and bacteria, further increasing tartar risk.
In conclusion, what is tartar is more than just a cosmetic issue—it is a serious dental concern that can impact the health of your gums and teeth. By understanding how tartar forms and how to prevent it, you can take proactive steps to protect your smile and overall well-being. Regular dental care and good oral hygiene are your best defenses against tartar and its harmful effects.